By AFP | 2025-10-14

Recent drone sorties over Lithuania and its neighbors have sparked fears of a full-scale Russian attack, prompting the small Baltic country to encourage the building of bomb shelters.

Not every community has yet heeded the call, but residents showed AFP the basement of an apartment block in Lithuania's capital Vilnius where they were readying a bunker in case of war.

"People wanted to have a sense of safety, to know they could hide from bombings and war for at least a few days," said Vidas Magnavicius, the head of the building's residents' association.

"We agreed we needed to prepare," he explained, recalling how the neighbors met to hatch a plan after Russia invaded another neighbor, Ukraine, in February 2022.

Lithuania, a former Soviet republic turned EU and NATO stalwart of 2.9 million inhabitants including a Russian-speaking minority, has anxiously watched the Ukraine conflict and fears it could be targeted next.

Authorities are urging city councils and local communities to accelerate the building of shelters.

In June the government said there were 6,453 shelters in Lithuania that could accommodate around 1.5 million people -- about 54 percent of the country's population.

Just over half the municipalities face a shortage of shelter spaces, and critics say many of the shelters exist only on paper, with few adequately prepared for times of crisis.

Underground upgrades

And not everyone is as motivated as Magnavicius and his neighbors.

"As long as there are no drones flying overhead, no one is interested," complained Donatas Gurevicius, a representative of Lithuania's fire and rescue department.

Officials are also looking for ways to talk about preparing for the unthinkable -- war -- without polarizing society or being accused of war-mongering.

"It would also be irresponsible to irritate people with talk of war, but we all need to find a way to approach this very complex topic," explained Gurevicius.

Vilnius officials told AFP they plan to upgrade the city's 32 bomb shelters, saying they would have to be ready within 12 hours following an emergency.

The interior ministry launched a civil defense program last year, offering tens of millions of euros to municipalities to upgrade their bunkers.

It would also like homeowners to install their own shelters, or prepare safe rooms that incorporate lessons from the Ukraine war, such as having at least two structural walls between the room and the outside.

"New apartment blocks and larger public buildings in Lithuania are now required to have bomb shelters, something which countries with high civil defense preparedness, like Finland and Switzerland, have done for decades," said Gurevicius.

Magnavicius and his neighbors invested several thousand euros to clear debris from the basement, install a toilet and upgrade power lines.

"We want to finish it and then have that peace of mind. Other communities are doing the same," Magnavicius said.

Authorities and the public have shown renewed interest in shelters since two Gerbera-type drones of the kind deployed by Russia entered Lithuania from Belarus in July. They caused alarm but no injuries.

Extreme situations

Last month, several people joined a course organized regularly by Lithuania's Red Cross on "extreme situations and how to prepare for them," said volunteer Rokas Dvarvytis.

They learn "to recognize dangers in time, to know where to hide and to have supplies," he told AFP.

The lessons also address environmental disasters and nuclear threats.

Participant Violeta Baranauskiene said she would evacuate with her children in case of war, adding: "My husband will remain to defend Lithuania, as it should be."

Vilnius approved a wartime evacuation plan this year. Vulnerable residents would flee while the municipality and those able to fight would help the military.

The interior ministry published an interactive map of all shelters and evacuation points and upgraded a website that shows how to survive at least 72 hours in a crisis.

"The website has existed since 2015, but it wasn't very popular," said Loreta Naraskeviciene, the rescue department specialist responsible for the platform. "Now, interest in the project is growing."